@prefix IAO: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_> .
@prefix bibo: <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .
@prefix dash: <http://datashapes.org/dash#> .
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix dlthings: <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2/> .
@prefix obo: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix pav: <http://purl.org/pav/> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix schema1: <http://schema.org/> .
@prefix sio: <http://semanticscience.org/resource/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

xsd:hexBinary a rdfs:Datatype ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a rdfs:Datatype ;
            owl:intersectionOf ( xsd:string [ a rdfs:Datatype ;
                        owl:onDatatype xsd:string ;
                        owl:withRestrictions ( [ xsd:pattern "^[a-fA-F0-9]+$" ] ) ] ) ] .

xsd:nonNegativeInteger a rdfs:Datatype ;
    owl:equivalentClass xsd:integer .

<https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2.owl.ttl> a owl:Ontology ;
    rdfs:label "things-schema" ;
    dcterms:license "MIT" ;
    dcterms:title "Generic schema for an arbitrarily detailed description of \"things\"" ;
    bibo:status <http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/concept-status/DRAFT> ;
    pav:version "2.0.0" ;
    skos:definition """This schema provides a generic [`Thing`](Thing) concept as a basic building block.
Key concepts of this schema are that any `Thing`

- has a unique identifier ([`pid`](pid))
- can be mapped to arbitrary external schemas and terminologies to maximize
  semantic alignment with existing metadata ecosystems
  (see [`mappings`](mappings))
- can be further described by attributes ([`attributes`](attributes))
  and qualified relations to other "things"
  ([`characterized_by`](characterized_by)),
  without prescribing a particular vocabulary
- can be associated with a specialized schema class for enabling detailed
  validation and precise data transformations ([`schema_type`](schema_type))
  without limiting the general expressiveness to a fixed set of classes
  available this foundational schema.
- can be associated with any number of ([`identifiers`](identifiers).

More information on this schema is available on a [dedicated page](about).
Each class comes with dedicated examples that exemplify its use. A good
starting point are the [examples of the `Thing` class](Thing#examples).

Although this generic schema could be used directly, it is meant to be used
as a foundational building block for more targeted schemas. Therefore, the
schema does not define common slots like `name`, or `title`, and leaves
this to more targeted schemas to decide if such slots are needed, and how they
should be defined. The envisioned use and reuse of this schema is to import
it and built targeted derivatives of `Thing` and other classes provided here.
See the [things-data schema](/s/things-data) for an example that is built on
this schema.

This schema also incorporates a few fundamental type definitions, such as
[`HexBinary`](HexBinary) (for checksum-like identifiers), and
[`NonNegativeInteger`](NonNegativeInteger) for counts.

The schema definition is available as

- [JSON-LD context](../v2.context.jsonld)
- [LinkML YAML](../v2.yaml)
- [LinkML YAML (static/resolved)](../v2.static.yaml)
- [OWL TTL](../v2.owl.ttl)
- [SHACL TTL](../v2.shacl.ttl)

Upcoming changes to this schema may be available in an [(unreleased)
development version](../../things/unreleased).

## Upgrading vom Version 1

Most changes to the schema have been additions and should not break existing
use cases. However, the following changes are backward incompatible

- All `sh:order` slot annotations have been removed.
- The `ADMS` vocabulary is no longer used and the prefix definition was removed.
- The obsolete `dltypes` prefix has been removed.
- The `exthisns` prefix definition was removed. The `ex` prefix continues to be
  available.

A dedicated `AnnotationTag` class has been added, and is used as the `range`
of the `annotation_tag` slot.
""" .

dlthings:EmailAddress a rdfs:Datatype ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a rdfs:Datatype ;
            owl:intersectionOf ( xsd:string [ a rdfs:Datatype ;
                        owl:onDatatype xsd:string ;
                        owl:withRestrictions ( [ xsd:pattern "(?:[A-Za-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+(?:\\.[A-Za-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+)*|\"(?:[\\x01-\\x08\\x0b\\x0c\\x0e-\\x1f\\x21\\x23-\\x5b\\x5d-\\x7f]|\\\\[\\x01-\\x09\\x0b\\x0c\\x0e-\\x7f])*\")@(?:(?:[A-Za-z0-9](?:[A-Za-z0-9-]*[A-Za-z0-9])?\\.)+[A-Za-z0-9](?:[A-Za-z0-9-]*[A-Za-z0-9])?|\\[(?:(?:(2(5[0-5]|[0-4][0-9])|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9]))\\.){3}(?:(2(5[0-5]|[0-4][0-9])|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])|[A-Za-z0-9-]*[A-Za-z0-9]:(?:[\\x01-\\x08\\x0b\\x0c\\x0e-\\x1f\\x21-\\x5a\\x53-\\x7f]|\\\\[\\x01-\\x09\\x0b\\x0c\\x0e-\\x7f])+)\\])" ] ) ] ) ] .

rdfs:Resource a rdfs:Datatype ;
    owl:equivalentClass xsd:anyURI .

dlthings:ValueSpecification a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "ValueSpecification" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:maxCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:value ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:value ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom owl:Thing ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:value ],
        dlthings:Thing,
        dlthings:ValueSpecificationMixin ;
    skos:definition "A `Thing` that is a value of some kind. This class can be used to describe an outcome of a measurement, a factual value or constant, or other qualitative or quantitative information with an associated identifier. If no identifier is available, an `AttributeSpecification` can be used within the context of an associated `Thing` (`attributes`)." ;
    skos:exactMatch obo:OBI_0001933 ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:ValueSpecificationMixin a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "ValueSpecificationMixin" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:range ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:maxCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:defined_by ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:value ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:defined_by ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:unit ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom xsd:anyURI ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:range ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:maxCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:value ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:value ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:maxCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:range ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom xsd:anyURI ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:unit ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom xsd:anyURI ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:defined_by ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:maxCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:unit ] ;
    skos:definition "Mix-in for a (structured) value specification. Two slots are provided to define a (literal) value (`value`) and its type (`range`)." ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> ;
    skos:note "This mixin enables the expression of quantitative and qualitative assessments/measurements/values. For a quantitative value, the numerical value, and a possible unit is given. For a qualitative value, `defined_by` is used to identify the quality of the assessment from a controlled vocabulary or standard term." .

dlthings:attributes a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "attributes" ;
    dcterms:title "Attributes" ;
    rdfs:range dlthings:AttributeSpecification ;
    skos:definition "Declares a relation that associates a `Thing` (or another attribute) with an attribute, where an attribute is an intrinsic characteristic, such as a quality, capability, disposition, function, or is an externally derived attribute determined from some descriptor (e.g. a quantity, position, label/identifier). Technically, this declaration is done via an `AttributeSpecification` that combines a `predicate` with a value declaration and the attribute-related slots of a `Thing`. Importantly, such attributes are declared inline, because they do not have a unique identifier. If an identifier is available, a `Thing` declaration (see `relation`), and a qualification of that relationship via a `Statement` (see `characterized_by`) should be preferred." ;
    skos:exactMatch sio:SIO_000008 ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:broad_mappings a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "broad_mappings" ;
    dcterms:title "Broad mappings" ;
    rdfs:range xsd:anyURI ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf dlthings:mappings ;
    skos:definition "A list of terms from different schemas or terminology systems that have broader meaning." ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:close_mappings a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "close_mappings" ;
    dcterms:title "Close mappings" ;
    rdfs:range xsd:anyURI ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf dlthings:mappings ;
    skos:definition "A list of terms from different schemas or terminology systems that have close meaning." ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:exact_mappings a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "exact_mappings" ;
    dcterms:title "Exact mappings" ;
    rdfs:range xsd:anyURI ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf dlthings:mappings ;
    skos:definition "A list of terms from different schemas or terminology systems that have identical meaning." ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:identifiers a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "identifiers" ;
    dcterms:title "Identifiers" ;
    rdfs:range dlthings:Identifier ;
    skos:definition "An unambiguous reference to the subject within a given context." ;
    skos:exactMatch schema1:identifier ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:narrow_mappings a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "narrow_mappings" ;
    dcterms:title "Narrow mappings" ;
    rdfs:range xsd:anyURI ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf dlthings:mappings ;
    skos:definition "A list of terms from different schemas or terminology systems that have narrower meaning." ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:related_mappings a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "related_mappings" ;
    dcterms:title "Related mappings" ;
    rdfs:range xsd:anyURI ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf dlthings:mappings ;
    skos:definition "A list of terms from different schemas or terminology systems that have related meaning." ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:relations a owl:ObjectProperty,
        owl:SymmetricProperty ;
    rdfs:label "relations" ;
    dcterms:title "Relations" ;
    rdfs:range dlthings:Thing ;
    skos:definition "Declares an unqualified relation of the subject `Thing` to another `Thing`. This schema slot is used to define related things inline. If such a definition is not needed. A qualified relationship can be declared directly using the `characterized_by` slot." ;
    skos:exactMatch dcterms:relation,
        dcat:relation ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:Annotation a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Annotation" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:annotation_value ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:annotation_tag ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:maxCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:annotation_tag ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom dlthings:AnnotationTag ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:annotation_tag ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:maxCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:annotation_value ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:annotation_value ] ;
    skos:definition "A tag/value pair with the semantics of OWL Annotation." ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:AnnotationTag a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "AnnotationTag" ;
    dcterms:title "Annotation tag" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf dlthings:Thing ;
    skos:definition "A tag identifying an annotation." ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:annotation_tag a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "annotation_tag" ;
    dcterms:title "Tag" ;
    rdfs:range dlthings:Thing ;
    skos:definition "A tag identifying an annotation." ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:annotation_value a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "annotation_value" ;
    dcterms:title "Value" ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "The actual annotation." ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:creator a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "creator" ;
    dcterms:title "Creator" ;
    rdfs:range dlthings:Thing ;
    skos:definition "An agent responsible for making an entity." ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:defined_by a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "defined_by" ;
    dcterms:title "Defined by" ;
    rdfs:range xsd:anyURI ;
    skos:definition "Indicate a resource defining the subject. This may be a vocabulary that describes the subject." ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:description a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "description" ;
    dash:singleLine false ;
    dcterms:title "Description" ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:broadMatch IAO:0000300 ;
    skos:closeMatch rdfs:comment ;
    skos:definition "A free-text account of the subject." ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:display_label a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "display_label" ;
    dcterms:title "Record display label" ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "Label that can be shown when the metadata record is displayed as an item." ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:display_note a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "display_note" ;
    dash:singleLine false ;
    dcterms:title "Record display note" ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "Note that can be shown when the record is displayed as an item. This is typically longer than a label." ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:kind a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "kind" ;
    dcterms:title "Kind" ;
    rdfs:range dlthings:Thing ;
    skos:definition "The nature of the subject." ;
    skos:exactMatch dcterms:type ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> ;
    skos:note "This is conceptually the same as an instance-level `broad_mappings`. It can make sense to use this slot (in addition) in order to enable straightforward type declarations for instances from a controlled, application specific vocabulary, while also keeping the ability to use `broad_mappings` for alignment with external vocabularies and applications." .

dlthings:notation a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "notation" ;
    dcterms:title "Notation" ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "String of characters such as \"T58:5\" or \"30:4833\" used to uniquely identify a concept within the scope of a given concept scheme." ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:object a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "object" ;
    dcterms:title "Object" ;
    rdfs:range dlthings:Thing ;
    skos:definition "Reference to a `Thing` within a `Statement`." ;
    skos:exactMatch rdf:object ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:pid a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "pid" ;
    dcterms:title "Persistent identifier" ;
    rdfs:range xsd:anyURI ;
    skos:definition "Persistent and globally unique identifier of a `Thing`." ;
    skos:exactMatch dcterms:identifier,
        schema1:identifier ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:range a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "range" ;
    dcterms:title "Value type (range)" ;
    rdfs:range xsd:anyURI ;
    skos:definition "Declares that the value of a `Thing` or `AttributeSpecification` are instances of a particular class." ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:unit a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "unit" ;
    dcterms:title "Unit" ;
    rdfs:range xsd:anyURI ;
    skos:definition "A unit of measurement is a standardized quantity of a physical quality." ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:AttributeSpecification a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "AttributeSpecification" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:predicate ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom dlthings:Property ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:predicate ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:maxCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:predicate ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom owl:Thing ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:about ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:about ],
        dlthings:ThingMixin,
        dlthings:ValueSpecificationMixin ;
    skos:closeMatch dlthings:Thing ;
    skos:definition "An attribute is conceptually a thing, but it requires no dedicated identifier (`pid`). Instead, it is linked to a `Thing` via its `attributes` slot and declares a `predicate` on the nature of the relationship." ;
    skos:exactMatch sio:SIO_000614 ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:Statement a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Statement" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:predicate ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:characterized_by ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:maxCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:predicate ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:editorial_notes ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom dlthings:Property ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:predicate ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:maxCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:object ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom dlthings:Statement ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:characterized_by ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:annotations ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:editorial_notes ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom dlthings:Thing ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:object ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:object ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom dlthings:Annotation ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:annotations ] ;
    skos:definition "An RDF statement that links a `predicate` (a `Property`) with an `object` (a `Thing`) to the subject to form a triple. A `Statement` is used to qualify a relation to a `Thing` referenced by its identifier. For specifying a qualified relation to an attribute that has no dedicated identifier, use an `AttributeSpecification`." ;
    skos:exactMatch rdf:Statement,
        dlthings:Statement ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:annotations a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "annotations" ;
    dcterms:title "Annotations" ;
    rdfs:range dlthings:Annotation ;
    skos:definition "A record of properties of the metadata record on a subject, a collection of tag/text tuples with the semantics of OWL Annotation." ;
    skos:exactMatch obo:NCIT_C44272 ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:characterized_by a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "characterized_by" ;
    dcterms:title "Characterized by" ;
    rdfs:range dlthings:Statement ;
    skos:definition "Qualifies relationships between a subject `Thing` and an object `Thing` with a `Statement` declaring a `predicate` on the nature of the relationship." ;
    skos:exactMatch obo:RO_0000053 ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:editorial_notes a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "editorial_notes" ;
    dash:singleLine false ;
    dcterms:title "Editorial note" ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "A comment about a metadata record either providing additional information for a record curation, or leaving a comment after curation occurred. This can be used to include information that is deemed relevant, but could not be expressed in the provided fields." ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:Identifier a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Identifier" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:maxCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:creator ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:creator ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:maxCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:notation ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom dlthings:Thing ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:creator ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:notation ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:notation ],
        dlthings:ThingMixin ;
    skos:definition "An identifier is a label that uniquely identifies an item in a particular context. Some identifiers are globally unique. All identifiers are unique within their individual scope." ;
    skos:exactMatch IAO:0020000,
        dlthings:Identifier ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:Property a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Property" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf dlthings:Thing ;
    skos:definition "An RDF property, a `Thing` used to define a `predicate`, for example in a `Statement`." ;
    skos:exactMatch rdf:Property,
        dlthings:Property ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:ThingMixin a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "ThingMixin" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:description ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom rdfs:Resource ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:schema_type ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom xsd:anyURI ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:broad_mappings ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:exact_mappings ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:maxCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:display_note ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:kind ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:narrow_mappings ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:maxCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:kind ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:attributes ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:maxCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:about ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:schema_type ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom xsd:anyURI ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:narrow_mappings ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom dlthings:Identifier ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:identifiers ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:editorial_notes ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom xsd:anyURI ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:related_mappings ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom dlthings:Statement ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:characterized_by ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:characterized_by ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom dlthings:AttributeSpecification ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:attributes ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom dlthings:Thing ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:kind ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:description ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:display_label ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:maxCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:display_label ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:display_label ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:maxCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:description ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:annotations ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom dlthings:Annotation ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:annotations ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom xsd:anyURI ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:close_mappings ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:maxCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:schema_type ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:about ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:display_note ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:display_note ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:identifiers ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:related_mappings ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:close_mappings ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom xsd:string ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:editorial_notes ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:broad_mappings ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom xsd:anyURI ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:exact_mappings ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom dlthings:Thing ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:about ] ;
    skos:definition "Mix-in with the common interface of `Thing` and `AttributeSpecification`. This interface enables type specifications (`rdf:type`) for things and attributes via a `type` designator slot to indicate specialized schema classes for validation where a slot's `range` is too generic. A thing or attribute can be further describe with statements on qualified relations to other things (`characterized_by`), or inline attributes (`attributes`). A set of `mappings` slots enables the alignment for arbitrary external schemas and terminologies." ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:mappings a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "mappings" ;
    rdfs:range xsd:anyURI ;
    skos:definition "A list of terms from different schemas or terminology systems that have comparable meaning. These may include terms that are precisely equivalent, broader or narrower in meaning, or otherwise semantically related but not equivalent from a strict ontological perspective." ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:predicate a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "predicate" ;
    dcterms:title "Predicate" ;
    rdfs:range dlthings:Thing ;
    skos:definition "Reference to a `Property` within a `Statement`." ;
    skos:exactMatch rdf:predicate ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:value a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "value" ;
    dcterms:title "Value" ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    skos:definition "Value that is a direct representation of a thing." ;
    skos:exactMatch rdf:value ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:about a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "about" ;
    dcterms:title "About" ;
    rdfs:range dlthings:Thing ;
    skos:definition "A relation of an information artifact to the subject, such as a URL identifying the topic of a document." ;
    skos:exactMatch IAO:0000136,
        schema1:about ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:schema_type a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "schema_type" ;
    dcterms:title "Schema type" ;
    rdfs:range rdfs:Resource ;
    skos:definition "State that the subject is an instance of a particular schema class. Typically, no explicit value needs to be assigned to this slot, because it matches the class type of a particular record. However, this slots can be used as a type designator of a schema element for validation and schema structure handling purposes. This is used to indicate specialized schema classes for properties that accept a hierarchy of classes as their range." ;
    skos:exactMatch dcterms:type ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

dlthings:Thing a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Thing" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:pid ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom xsd:anyURI ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:pid ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:relations ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom dlthings:Thing ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:relations ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:maxCardinality 1 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:pid ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:minCardinality 0 ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:about ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom owl:Thing ;
            owl:onProperty dlthings:about ],
        dlthings:ThingMixin ;
    skos:definition "The most basic, identifiable item. In addition to the slots that are common between a `Thing` and an `AttributeSpecification` (see `ThingMixin`), two additional slots are provided. The `pid` slot takes the required identifier for a `Thing`. The `relation` slot allows for the inline specification of other `Thing` instances. Such a relation is unqualified (and symmetric), and should be further characterized via a `Statement` (see `characterized_by`). From a schema perspective, the `relation` slots allows for building self-contained, structured documents (e.g., a JSON object) with arbitrarily complex information on a `Thing`." ;
    skos:exactMatch schema1:Thing,
        dlthings:Thing ;
    skos:inScheme <https://concepts.datalad.org/s/things/v2> .

[] a owl:Restriction ;
    rdfs:subClassOf dlthings:Identifier ;
    owl:onProperty dlthings:schema_type ;
    owl:someValuesFrom dlthings:Identifier .

[] a owl:Restriction ;
    rdfs:subClassOf dlthings:ThingMixin ;
    owl:onProperty dlthings:schema_type ;
    owl:someValuesFrom dlthings:ThingMixin .

[] a owl:Restriction ;
    rdfs:subClassOf dlthings:AnnotationTag ;
    owl:onProperty dlthings:schema_type ;
    owl:someValuesFrom dlthings:AnnotationTag .

[] a owl:Restriction ;
    rdfs:subClassOf dlthings:AttributeSpecification ;
    owl:onProperty dlthings:schema_type ;
    owl:someValuesFrom dlthings:AttributeSpecification .

[] a owl:Restriction ;
    rdfs:subClassOf dlthings:Property ;
    owl:onProperty dlthings:schema_type ;
    owl:someValuesFrom dlthings:Property .

[] a owl:Restriction ;
    rdfs:subClassOf dlthings:ValueSpecification ;
    owl:onProperty dlthings:schema_type ;
    owl:someValuesFrom dlthings:ValueSpecification .

[] a owl:Restriction ;
    rdfs:subClassOf dlthings:Thing ;
    owl:onProperty dlthings:schema_type ;
    owl:someValuesFrom dlthings:Thing .